Biology · PLANT KINGDOM

A key features difference distinguishing Gymnosperms from Bryophytes and Pteridophytes regarding gametophytic existence is that in Gymnosperms:

1. A
   Male and female gametophytes have an independent free-living photosynthetic existence.
2. B
   The gametophyte is the dominant, photosynthetic, and independent vascular plant body.
3. C
   Gametophytes form flagellated antherozoids that swim freely in surface water films.
4. D
   Male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence and remain retained within sporangia.