Biology · BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

Consider the following statements regarding the species-area relationship developed by Alexander von Humboldt: (A) On a logarithmic scale, the relationship is a rectangular hyperbola. (B) The value of \( Z \) lies in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 when analyzing small regions regardless of taxonomic group. (C) Frugivorous birds and mammals across tropical forests of different continents show a \( Z \) value of 1.15. (D) A steeper slope (higher \( Z \) value) indicates that species richness increases more rapidly with increasing area. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A
   (B), (C) and (D) only
2. B
   and (B) only
3. C
   (A), (C) and (D) only
4. D
   and (D) only