Biology · Principles and Processes in Biotechnology

Which of the following definitions of biotechnology encompasses both traditional fermentation processes and modern molecular genetic engineering as given by the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB)?

1. The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services.
2. The industrial scale production of biomolecules using genetically modified organisms only.
3. The application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents.
4. Techniques that alter the chemistry of genetic material to introduce them into host organisms.