Biology · Respiration in Plants

Examine the provided diagram showing ATP synthesis in mitochondria through chemiosmosis. Which of the following statements is strictly correct regarding components \( F_0 \) and \( F_1 \)?

1. A
   \( F_1 \) is an integral transmembrane channel through which protons cross, while \( F_0 \) is the peripheral catalytic headpiece.
2. B
   The passage of \( 4\,H^+ \) from the intermembrane space to the matrix through the \( F_0 \) channel down the electrochemical gradient is coupled to ATP synthesis at the \( F_1 \) headpiece.
3. C
   Protons move down the electrochemical gradient from the matrix into the intermembrane space through \( F_1 \) to drive ATP synthesis.
4. D
   For each ATP produced, \( 2\,H^+ \) pass from the matrix to the intermembrane space through \( F_0 \).