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Physics · Electrostatic Potential

हिन्दी

Given below are two statements: Statement I: The potential energy of an electric dipole of moment \( \mathbf{p} \) in an external uniform electric field \( \mathbf{E} \) is minimum when \( \mathbf{p} \) is aligned antiparallel to \( \mathbf{E} \). Statement II: The torque experienced by an electric dipole is zero when it is oriented either parallel or antiparallel to the field. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

  1. A
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
  2. B
    Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
  3. C
    Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
  4. D
    Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
View Answer & Solution

Correct answer · Option D

Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

Explanation

Potential energy U = -p.E is minimum (-pE) when parallel (theta=0), not antiparallel. Torque tau = p x E = pE sin theta is zero for both theta=0 and theta=pi.
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