Chemistry · THERMODYNAMICS

In the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of crystalline \( \text{NaCl}(s) \) shown in the given figure, which thermochemical step corresponds to the energy value of \( +495.6\text{ kJ mol}^{-1} \) (approximately \( 496\text{ kJ mol}^{-1} \))?

1. A
   Sublimation enthalpy of sodium metal, \( \Delta_{\text{sub}} H^\ominus \)
2. B
   Bond dissociation enthalpy of chlorine, \( \frac{1}{2}\Delta_{\text{bond}} H^\ominus \)
3. C
   Ionization enthalpy of gaseous sodium atoms, \( \Delta_i H^\ominus \)
4. D
   Lattice enthalpy of sodium chloride, \( \Delta_{\text{lattice}} H^\ominus \)