Biology · CELL THE UNIT OF LIFE

Which of the following cellular organelles are excluded from the endomembrane system, and on what conceptual basis is this exclusion justified?

1. A
   Lysosomes and vacuoles, because they lack double-membraned envelopes.
2. B
   Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, because they possess autonomous circular DNA genomes.
3. C
   Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes, because their functions are not coordinated with those of ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
4. D
   Golgi complex and peroxisomes, because they originate directly from the outer nuclear membrane.